不同谷子品种氮素吸收与利用差异的研究

通过盆栽试验和大田栽培试验相结合的方法,对赤峰主栽谷子品种在低氮胁迫下氮素吸收及利用效率的差异进行了系统研究.盆栽试验结果表明:赤谷6号、赤谷8号、赤谷9号低氮胁迫下根长较施氮处理显著增长;赤谷5号、赤谷6号、赤谷9号耐低氮胁迫能力较强;赤谷10号氮利用率最为稳定;赤谷5号、赤谷6号耐低氮指数大.赤谷5号在农艺性状和氮累积量及耐低氮指数均表现出较好的耐低氮胁迫能力.大田栽培试验表明:赤谷6号和赤谷8号耐低氮胁迫能力较强.谷子出苗至抽穗期受低氮胁迫的影响较抽穗至成熟期更为敏感.谷子全生育期中,低氮胁迫对拔节期株高的影响较大;抽穗期、灌浆期、成熟期的干物质累积量对低氮胁迫影响较大.穗部相关农艺性状较其他农艺性状而言较易受到低氮胁迫影响.穗部性状中,穗长相对于其他性状对低氮胁迫影响较为迟钝,其他性状较为敏感;对低氮胁迫敏感的指标可作为谷子耐低氮能力评价指标.综合盆栽试验与大田栽培试验结果表明,赤谷5号、赤谷6号、赤谷8号这3个品种耐低氮能力强,适于在赤峰地区相对贫瘠的土壤种植.     

基于迁移学习的GoogLeNet果园病虫害识别与分级

为提高果树病虫害危害程度分级精度进而更好地指导果园病虫害防治，采用迁移学习技术与GoogLeNet模型相结合的方法，对6种果园作物的25类病虫害样本进行识别与危害程度分级研究；同时，探究不同数据集大小以及不同优化算法对模型性能的影响；基于MATLAB平台设计了一款可视化的病虫害识别与分级系统。结果表明:1)基于迁移学习的GoogLeNet模型，对病虫害识别精度可达99.35%，危害程度分级精度可达92.78%；2)在相同训练参数下，本研究模型比AlexNet、VGG-16、ResNet-18、SqueezeNet、原GoogLeNet及MobileNet-v2模型验证精度提高了2.38%~11.44%，并且收敛速度最快；3)本研究模型识别精度随着数据集的增大而提高；在3种优化算法中SGDM算法耗时最短且精度最高，更适合本研究模型。通过拍摄果树叶片病害区域图像，本研究设计的系统能够在0.43 s左右准确识别出果树种类、病害类型以及危害等级等信息。     

苏北地区粳稻生产中化学品投入普遍过量的原因及减投方案

通过调查发现,苏北地区粳稻生产中普遍存在化学品过量施用的现象,分析了其原因并提出了针对性减肥减药技术方案。方案主要包括：⑴选用适宜品种;⑵培育长秧龄壮秧、普施“出嫁药肥”;⑶麦秸全量还田;⑷浅耕地且防基肥渗漏;⑸抢早扩行移栽;⑹通气式灌溉、高质量搁田;⑺分蘖肥减量增效、施足穗肥;⑻综合防控。采用此减投技术,在化学品投入下降28%~42%的情况下,还能保障苏北地区粳稻成穗量充足、群体质量优良、病虫草害得到有效防控,进而实现“化投大降、产量不减、防效不降、安全高质”。     

Effect of HMGA2 gene on high glucose-induced apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating Notch signaling pathway

AIM:To investigate the effect of HMGA2 down-regulation on apoptosis and Notch signaling pathway in renal tubular epithelial cells exposed to high glucose (HG). METHODS:D-glucose at 5, 10, 20 and 30 mmol/L was used to stimulate human renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells for 2 h, and D-glucose at 30 mmol/L was used to stimulate the HK-2 cells for 10 min, 60 min and 120 min. The protein expression of HMGA2 was determined by Western blot. The HK-2 cells were divided into normal glucose (NG) group, HG group, HG+si-HMGA2 group and HG+NC group, in which siRNA was transfected by Lipofectamine^TM 2000 for 48 h. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptotic rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay kit was used to detect ROS content, and Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of Notch1, Hes1 and Bcl-2. The HK-2 cells were treated with the Notch signaling pathway inhibitor DAPT, and then the cells were divided into HG group, HG+DAPT group and HG+si-HMGA2+DAPT group. The apoptotic rate was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS:Exposure of the HK-2 cells to D-glucose at different concentrations for different time significantly increased the expression of HMGA2 (P<0.05). Compared with NG group, the protein expression of HMGA2, Notch1 and Hes1 in HG group was increased, the expression of Bcl-2/Bax was decreased, the apoptotic rate was increased, and the content of ROS was increased obviously (P<0.05). Compared with HG group, the protein expression of HMGA2, Notch1 and Hes1 of HG+si-HMGA2 group was decreased, the expression of Bcl-2/Bax was increased, the apoptotic rate was decreased, and the content of ROS was decreased significantly (P<0.05). The apoptotic rate in HG+DAPT group was significantly lower than that in HG group, while the apoptotic rate in HG+si-HMGA2+DAPT group was significantly lower than that in HG+DAPT group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Down-regulation of HMGA2 expression inhibits the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating Notch signaling pathway and decreasing ROS production.     

玉米热激蛋白ZmHSP70-12基因的克隆及表达分析

热激蛋白70(HSP70)是原核和真核细胞中普遍存在的一种高度保守的分子伴侣。从玉米中克隆1个HSP70家族成员。该基因cDNA序列全长为1 992 bp,开放阅读框为2 352 bp,编码663个氨基酸,蛋白质分子量约75.0 kD。蛋白结构预测及同源比对分析表明,该基因编码蛋白含ATPase位点和HSP70保守结构域,与拟南芥AtHSP70-12序列高度相似,命名为ZmHSP70-12。蛋白亚细胞定位显示,ZmHSP70-12蛋白在内质网中表达。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,ZmHSP70-12对非生物胁迫高温、干旱均具有明显的应答反应,推测ZmHSP70-12是玉米中与胁迫逆境相关的基因。     

Effect of CHOP expression knock-down on apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells

AIM:To study the effect of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) on the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells. METHODS:The serum mRNA levels of CHOP in the patients with acute kidney injury and healthy controls were detected by qPCR. In vitro, renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells were divided into control group, negative group (transfected with negative control siRNA), si-CHOP group (transfected with CHOP siRNA), and induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). The viability of the cells was measured by MTT assay, and the apoptotic rate was analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of nuclear antigen Ki-67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with the healthy controls, the serum mRNA levels of CHOP in the patients with acute kidney injury were increased significantly (P<0.05). Transfection with CHOP siRNA significantly decreased the expression of CHOP in the renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells (P<0.05). Knock-down of CHOP expression by siRNA significantly increased the viability of renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells (P<0.05), decreased the apoptotic rate (P<0.05), increased the expression of Ki-67 and PCNA (P<0.05), and down-regulated the protein level of cleaved caspase-3 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:The serum mRNA levels of CHOP were increased in the patients with acute kidney injury. Knock-down of CHOP expression inhibits the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating the expression of proliferation-and apoptosis-related proteins.     

Screening of antagonistic Trichoderma strains and their application for controlling stalk rot in maize

Maize is one of the major crops in China, but maize stalk rot occurs nationwide and has become one of the major challenges in maize production in China. In order to find an environment-friendly and feasible technology to control this disease, a Trichoderma-based biocontrol agent was selected. Forty-eight strains with various inhibition activities to Fusarium graminearum, and Fusarium verticillioides were tested. A group of Trichoderma strains(DLY31, SG3403, DLY1303 and GDFS1009) were found to provide an inhibition rate to pathogen growth in vitro of over 70%. These strains also prevented pathogen infection over 65% and promoted the maize seedling growth for the main root in vivo by over 50%. Due to its advantage in antifungal activity against pathogens and promotion activity to maize, Trichoderma asperellum GDSF1009 was selected as the most promising strain of the biocontrol agent in the Trichoderma spectrum. Pot experiments showed that the Trichoderma agent at 2–3 g/pot could achieve the best control of seedling stalk rot and promotion of maize seedling growth. In the field experiments, 8–10 g/hole was able to achieve over 65% control to stalk rot, and yield increased by 2–11%. In the case of natural morbidity, the control efficiency ranged from 27.23 to 48.84%, and the rate of yield increase reached 11.70%, with a dosage of Trichoderma granules at 75 kg ha~(-1). Based on these results, we concluded that the Trichoderma agent is a promising biocontrol approach to stalk rot in maize.     

不同阶段猪用颗粒饲料物理性能的对比分析

对某饲料厂不同阶段猪用4种颗粒饲料的物理性能包括直径、长度、硬度、容重、含粉率和耐久性指数（Pellet Durability Index, PDI）等进行测定,对结果进行归类总结并采用统计学的方法参照有关标准进行分析。结果表明,4种颗粒饲料直径在2.87~3.94 mm之间,母猪料直径最大,小猪料最小,两两之间差异显著（P<0.05）,而且随着猪只年龄的增加,颗粒饲料的直径呈递增趋势。颗粒长度在8.62~11.94 mm之间,以大猪料最长,小猪料最短,长径比偏高。颗粒硬度在3.86~6.47 kg之间,以大猪料最大,小猪料最小,中小猪料显著低于大猪料和母猪料（P<0.05）,只有小猪料符合有关要求。颗粒容重在576.7~614.6 g/L之间,母猪料最大,小猪料最小,两两之间差异显著（P<0.05）,与直径呈相同的增减趋势。含粉率以小猪料最大,且只有小猪料与大猪料之间差异显著（P<0.05）。颗粒PDI以大猪料最大,小猪料最小,各阶段猪料的含粉率和PDI均符合有关要求。建议饲料厂家注重颗粒饲料物理性能指标的控制,调整饲料配方和工艺参数,不断改进颗粒饲料的质量。     

Predicting the potential geographic distribution of Bactrocera bryoniae and Bactrocera neohumeralis(Diptera: Tephritidae) in China using MaxEnt ecological niche modeling

Bactrocera bryoniae and Bactrocera neohumeralis are highly destructive and major biosecurity/quarantine pests of fruit and vegetable in the tropical and subtropical regions in the South Pacific and Australia. Although these pests have not established in China, precautions must be taken due to their highly destructive nature. Thus, we predicted the potential geographic distribution of B. bryoniae and B. neohumeralis across the world and in particular China by ecological niche modeling of the Maximum Entropy(Max Ent) model with the occurrence records of these two species. Bactrocera bryoniae and B. neohumeralis exhibit similar potential geographic distribution ranges across the world and in China, and each species was predicted to be able to distribute to over 20% of the globe. Globally, the potential geographic distribution ranges for these two fruit fly species included southern Asia, the central and the southeast coast of Africa, southern North America, northern and central South America, and Australia. While within China, most of the southern Yangtze River area was found suitable for these species. Notably, southern China was considered to have the highest risk of B. bryoniae and B. neohumeralis invasions. Our study identifies the regions at high risk for potential establishment of B. bryoniae and B. neohumeralis in the world and in particular China, and informs the development of inspection and biosecurity/quarantine measures to prevent and control their invasions.     

施氮量对农田土壤有机氮组分及酶活性的影响

【目的】探讨不同施氮量条件下土壤氮素转化酶活性和有机氮组分含量的变化规律,并分析氮素转化酶活性与各有机氮组分之间的关系,为陇中黄土高原旱作农业区合理制定施肥量和施肥方案提供参考依据。【方法】基于设置在陇中黄土高原定西市李家堡镇麻子川村的不同施氮量（0（CK）、52.5（N1）、105（N2）、157.5（N3）、210（N4）kg N·hm^-2）春小麦长期定位试验,收获后使用Bremner法测定0—40 cm土层中有机氮组分含量,以及4种氮素转化相关酶的活性。【结果】土壤有机氮组分分配比例顺序为氨基酸态氮>酸解铵态氮>酸解未知态氮>氨基糖态氮,同一土层随着施氮量的增加土壤有机碳、全氮、酸解总氮、氨基酸态氮、酸解铵态氮和脲酶活性、蛋白酶活性均呈先增大后降低的趋势,除全氮外其余都在N2处理时最大,全氮含量在N3处理时达到最大;同一处理不同土层间均随土层加深而降低。冗余分析结果表明,全氮含量和蛋白酶活性是影响陇中黄土高原农田有机氮组分分布与转化的关键因子;碳氮比与所有有机氮组分均呈负相关,蛋白酶、有机碳和脲酶与氨基酸态氮呈极显著正相关。【结论】综合而言,N2处理土壤供氮潜力最高,全氮和蛋白酶是影响该区春小麦土壤有机氮组分转化的关键因子。氮肥合理施用能明显提高土壤有机氮含量,不同施氮量条件下土壤有机氮组分变化差异明显,改变了氮素相关转化酶的活性。